| Profilingvalues® | Hartman Value Profile / Formal Axiology | Values profile, intrinsic/extrinsic/systemic values, value-creation energy, stress & decision patterns | Axiological foundation by R. S. Hartman; psychometric documentation from the provider | Executive coaching, leadership development, talent management, succession |
| Gallup CliftonStrengths® | Positive psychology / strengths research (Gallup) | 34 talent themes; individual strengths ranking | Gallup meta-analyses on engagement, performance and wellbeing | Strengths-based leadership, team development, career coaching |
| DISC | Behavioral typology by W. M. Marston (1928) | Four behavioral dimensions (Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness) | Widely used in practice; scientifically less validated than Big Five | Communication and sales training, team workshops |
| MBTI | Typology by C. G. Jung, operationalized by Myers & Briggs | 16 personality types across 4 dichotomies | Scientific literature partly critical (reliability of type assignments) | Self-reflection, team building, career orientation |
| Big Five (NEO-PI-R) | Lexical approach / Five-Factor Model | 5 personality dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism | The most scientifically validated personality model | Research, clinical psychology, personnel selection |